Modern bicycle frames, most of which are made of aluminum and carbon, are not very prone to developing rust on their surface. However, their metal parts and bolts (mostly made of steel) are delicate areas where rust can quickly appear if proper cleaning or maintenance is not performed. Rust appears on bicycles that have not been used for a long time and have been stored without protection in humid environments. If this is the case with your bike and you want to restore it to its original condition, you should keep these cleaning tips in mind. Rust is not so easy to remove and requires more effort and the use of specific products. And keep in mind that if the rust has already invaded the inside of the tubes and welds or corroded the metal, that bicycle will become unusable.
How to remove rust from your bicycle: steps and recommended products
The cleaning process is similar, whether it is rust on the frame or on the components. We will need a degreasing product, as well as another acidic one (lemon or baking soda will do), and a brush with stiff bristles. For the drivetrain or chain, for example, these stiffer filaments are used to remove grease and rust more easily. Microfiber cloths will also be needed for drying.
1. Apply the product and let it work
Whether using homemade products like lemon or baking soda diluted in water or a specific anti-rust product, you need to apply it to the rusted area and let it sit for several minutes (between 5 and 10) before scrubbing with the brush.
2. Scrub and rinse
If the layer of rust is somewhat thicker, you will need to go over it several times with the brush to remove it. Once all the rust residue has been removed, it’s time to rinse the area thoroughly with plenty of water, as acidic products can continue to act and damage the metal.
3. Drying
Rinsing and drying are very important for rust cleaning. The cleaning products used are more aggressive and corrosive to the metal if not removed in time. On the other hand, for lubricated parts like the chain, pulleys, or cassette, the action of acidic products must be preceded by a good degreasing cleaning to remove any lubricant residue.
How to prevent rust from appearing on your bicycle
Without a doubt, preventive operations end up being much more effective and less costly than cleaning when it comes to rust. A frequent cleaning of the bicycle and lubricating its components will almost certainly prevent its appearance. It is also very important where you store your bicycle. Ideally, it should be a garage or a cool, dry room. If you live in areas with high humidity and the bicycle is left unused for a while, we recommend covering it with a cover without leaving any part exposed. There are specific covers on the market for all types and sizes of bicycles, made from insulating materials that repel moisture. Water and mud are the best breeding grounds for rust.
If you have gone out cycling and it has rained, you should thoroughly clean the bicycle right after finishing, dry it, and lubricate the chain, the pedal springs (if they are clipless), and other moving parts like the headset. Do not leave the dirty bicycle in the garage for several days, as rust can begin to appear quickly on the chain, cogs, etc. Cleaning and lubrication should always be done immediately after finishing your ride.
Problems and breakdowns caused by rust
Rust on modern aluminum frames is very unlikely to appear due to the material's own properties and surface treatments. Steel frames, however, are more exposed, so their maintenance must be more rigorous. A rusty frame or components leads to numerous problems for the bike's operation and accelerates its wear. Surface rust, if not tackled with cleaning as explained above, ends up corroding the inner layers of the metal, increasing the risk of fracture.
In addition, key components for the bike's movement, such as the drivetrain, will not function properly if they are rusted and will accelerate their own wear and that of other parts they come into contact with. Pedaling will generate squeaks, it won't be smooth and fluid, and in no way will it help you perform well on the bike. The same situation applies to the bolts. If the threads are rusty, tightening will be uneven and will not secure the parts or components together as it should. This will result in looseness and premature wear of the entire part due to poor assembly. Especially on mountain bikes, considering their extra components like suspensions, special care must be taken and they should be kept lubricated. For these reasons, it is advisable to prevent rust marks and, if they do appear, remove them properly before more serious corrosion damage occurs.