Choosing a good bicycle helmet is essential to fully enjoy your cycling adventures. Without a doubt, it is the most important accessory and you should not skimp on your safety. Regulations aside, it will be your best ally if you suffer a fall. Remember: brain injuries are the leading cause of death among cyclists. There are hundreds of models and it cannot be said that there are bad helmets on the market today. Not at all. Any recognized brand complies with the safety standard required by European regulations (EN 1078). No matter how cheap it is, a certified helmet will always offer adequate protection, but it will have limited specifications. Obviously, a €30 helmet will never offer the same features as a €600 one. The type of helmet ideal for you will depend on the cycling discipline you practice and your pedaling style. It is even possible that you may need more than one if you engage in several disciplines.

How to choose a bicycle helmet suited to my needs?

There are many factors that can make the difference between a simple helmet and YOUR helmet. The combination of all these, to a greater or lesser extent, will determine your purchase decision. Do you want to know the ten most relevant ones?

• The helmet size. This is a basic aspect for it to properly fulfill its function.
  
  
• The helmet's ventilation, determined by its design and the openings for air circulation.
  
  
• The retention and adjustment system, conditioned by the helmet's regulator at the nape and the front closure under the chin. A proper combination of both prevents the helmet from shifting. Recently, innovative solutions have emerged. For example, the magnetic buckle Fidlock, which makes closing easier, even with winter gloves on. Likewise, the rear adjustment with boa or notched dial is gaining versatility in high-end helmets. Also, don't overlook the helmet's straps or tapes: they come in different textures and thicknesses. Some allow adjustment in the ear area to save them and achieve an ideal fit.
  
  
• The padded textile fabric that lines the inside of the helmet. In many cases, it comes with replacements, which allows for good hygiene. This element is linked to another key aspect: the helmet's ergonomics or its ability to adapt to the shape of your head. You should feel that it fits like a glove.
  
  
• The helmet's weight and aerodynamic construction. This is a very important issue in competition, and relevant for amateur cyclists. Especially when it comes to road cycling. Thus, a helmet around 300 g can mean a good cost-benefit balance. Your neck will surely thank you. This is very different from other disciplines, where lightness plays a secondary role. For example, a standard full-face MTB helmet can weigh around 1,000 g, or even more.

• The inclusion, or not, of protection systems against impact (such as MIPS and other similar ones, which we will discuss later).
  
  
• The visor, removable or not, especially associated with mountain biking. Although there are cyclists who question its usefulness, it has several functions: protecting from the sun, mitigating the impact of branches on the face, and preventing rain from falling directly on the glasses.
  
  
• The helmet core. This is the element designed to directly absorb impacts. It is usually made of expanded polystyrene (EPS): similar to the white packing foam, but much more compact. In recent times, technologies like Koroyd have come to market, a complementary material that provides extra ventilation and absorption capacity to EPS.

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• The outer plastic shell (or cap). It is usually made of polycarbonate, although carbon fiber or fiberglass is also common. In lower helmet ranges, it is usually glued to the core and may come off with use. In mid and high ranges, they form a single structure that provides more resistance and lightness. This is called in-mold construction.
• Lastly, don't forget about the style and aesthetics of the helmet. Although it is not the most important thing, helmets have become another fashion accessory for cyclists.

When should I replace my bicycle helmet?

Suppose you have been cycling for some time and you are asking yourself the big question: Is it time to change my helmet?

Changing the helmet due to use

Some manufacturers recommend replacing it every five years; others, every three. There is no single standard. In any case, we are always referring to helmets that have not suffered any impact. In case of an accident, the story changes. The argument is that the helmet core receives blows and pressures as a result of daily use. Over time, these micro-impacts cause a loss in EPS volume, limiting its ability to absorb energy in the event of a serious fall. On the other hand, ultraviolet light from the sun, heat, and sweat can contribute to the deterioration of the material.

2019/10/mujer-con-casco-ciclista.jpg"> In any case, a bicycle helmet does not degrade overnight. Of course, some prevention it can help you prolong its useful life. If you take it with you on a trip, protect it and avoid squeezing it into your suitcase. When you return home from a ride, store it in a padded bag. Also avoid applying any type of solvent or adhesive. Keep it away from extreme temperatures and do not drop or throw it in any way.

Should I change my helmet after an accident?

It’s a different story if you have a fall. If you land on your head, you should replace the helmet. Without hesitation. In fact, the EPS core is designed for a single impact. If it becomes deformed, it will not offer you adequate protection in the event of a second accident. Knock on wood. 2021/09/Photo-Tuvalum-Blog-5.jpg"> Don’t trust the external appearance, as the helmet may be damaged and have internal cracks. The outer shell could hide them. If so, the helmet could break easily with an impact on the same area.

➡️ What to do in case of a bicycle accident

How to choose the right size for my bicycle helmet?

When you buy a bicycle helmet, make sure it fits your head perfectly. This is essential for it to fulfill its function in an impact, and also for your comfort. Just like with your bike size, choose a helmet suitable for your physique.

➡️ How to choose the correct bike size

Sizing of helmets varies between brands and each does things differently. Frequently, entry-level helmets are one-size-fits-all. Many brands have sizes that correspond to the circumference of the head (measured in centimeters). For example, helmets from size 52 to 56, etc. Other manufacturers offer a scale such as S, M, L, which have their equivalent in centimeters. Let’s take the example of a model from the brand MET: the Trenta MIPS road helmet. This helmet comes in small (S), medium (M), and large (L) sizes. Each one corresponds to measurements of 52-56 cm, 56-58 cm, and 58-61 cm, respectively. There are tables that establish this correspondence on the manufacturer’s website.

How do I calculate the bike helmet size that fits me?

Knowing your measurements to get the right helmet size is simple. Simply take a tape measure and place it on your forehead: approximately two fingers above your eyebrows. From there, measure the circumference of your head, passing the tape over your ears.

The idea is to calculate the largest possible circumference you can draw around your skull.

Make sure the tape measure is snug and repeat the process several times for an accurate result. This measurement is what brands use to define their sizes. When you do your calculations, you can use the following table as a guide.

But remember to check each manufacturer's measurements, as there is no standard.

Also keep in mind that not all heads are the same and not all helmets fit in the same way. Most helmets, except for some full-face MTB models, have a rear adjustment dial (at the nape) for a perfect fit. In certain models, this dial not only affects the occipital area, but also provides adjustment around the entire perimeter of the head, using a cord that runs along the inner base of the helmet. Once adjusted, check that the helmet stays in place when you shake your head vigorously, even with the front buckle undone. This will be a sign of a proper fit.

What should I do if I'm between two sizes?

If in doubt, it is preferable to buy the smaller size, as long as it allows you a little room for adjustment. But if you feel the helmet is too tight, rule out this option without hesitation. Keep in mind that riding conditions can change throughout the year. The volume of your hair may vary, you might use a skullcap, a cycling cap, etc... Another lesser-known aspect is that the volume of your head tends to increase slightly when you exert yourself intensely. In general, a loose size tends to fit worse. It may force you to tighten the adjustment dial more than necessary to achieve the desired result. And often, not even then.

Protection technologies

In recent times, helmet brands have introduced technologies that add extra safety. These developments began by being integrated in high-end ranges, but today you can already enjoy them in many mid-priced models. Do you want to know the most relevant ones?

Bicycle helmets with MIPS technology

Technically, MIPS is a protection system against multi-directional impacts. It protects the brain from rotational dragging that the head experiences in a fall. To do this, the helmet is made with an internal polycarbonate membrane, which is placed between the head and the EPS core. This element, whose weight adds only about 30 or 35 grams to the whole, moves independently of its structure.

When you try on a helmet with MIPS technology, you'll notice that it rocks slightly when you apply force to it.

Specifically, it allows for a sliding of the head of 10-15 mm with respect to the helmet in any direction. With two independent layers, the force of a possible impact is dissipated within the helmet, reducing the risk of brain damage. In a way, it's a mechanism similar to that of construction helmets.

Progressively, the MIPS system is being implemented in mid-range helmets. Below €100, almost any cyclist can enjoy units equipped with this technology. It is practically a prevention standard, although some brands use different names to refer to this type of technology. Well known is the WaveCel system patented by Trek, the AIP technology (Armourgel Impact Protection) from Spiuk, or the SPIN system from POC, to name a few examples. In short, different ways to refer to similar technology. [irp posts="998" name="Can a cycling helmet become a work of art?"]

Bicycle helmets with ANGi technology

On the other hand, there are helmets that feature impact sensors. One of them is the ANGi system, created by Specialized, but applicable to almost any helmet. It is a device that connects to your smartphone via an app and sends an automatic distress signal if you have an accident. When the sensor interprets that you have suffered a serious blow, it sends an alert to your phone. The phone then starts a countdown. If you do not stop it, the app will send a help message with your location to the previously defined emergency contacts.

In a way, ANGi is like a friend who wants to make sure you are okay.

The system also connects with Strava. The only downside is that it requires your phone's battery to be charged and to check if there is any point on your route where you might lose coverage. We already know the general aspects to take into account when buying the best bicycle helmet according to our needs. Now let's look at some particularities depending on your cycling discipline. The differences between road bike helmets and MTB mountain bike helmets can be huge.

Choosing a helmet for road cycling

Currently, road bike helmets are versatile, so they are designed to fulfill their function in various disciplines, including cross-country (XC), the lightest version of MTB. These are especially lightweight helmets with multiple openings so your head can breathe when you give it your all on the asphalt. Top-of-the-line helmets are ultralight, but you already know: the weight of a helmet is inversely proportional to the price. And a higher cost is also associated with more comfort, more ventilation, and a more attractive design. As a guide, from €100-120 you can already find really interesting road helmets. 2020/08/cyclist-with-helmet-and-glasses-2.jpg"> High-end models usually have a polished aerodynamic profile to minimize wind resistance and improve your performance. Let's say that these classic style road helmets, with more or less technology, are the most in demand.

Aerodynamic road helmets

Within this segment, you can also find aero and semi-aero helmets. As their name suggests, these are road helmets with a more aerodynamic focus. On the downside, they are heavier and less ventilated. In fact, aero helmets almost completely do away with openings for air circulation. Professionals usually use them on flat stages, and they are common in duathlons and triathlons. Since they are more enclosed, it is more common to see them on winter days or in unstable weather. 2019/10/cascosemiaero.jpg"> One step further in this direction are the triathlon or time trial helmets or those designed for long distances. These are the ones professional cyclists and triathletes use against the clock in Ironman and Ultraman competitions.

Some of these helmets taper like a teardrop at the back, in search of the maximum aerodynamic coefficient. Other aspects, such as ventilation or aesthetics, take a back seat.

Choosing a helmet for MTB mountain biking

If mountain biking is your thing, the adoption of one type of helmet or another will depend on how aggressively you ride. XC has nothing to do with downhill. If the bikes dedicated to each discipline are very different, the same can be said for the helmets. You should also consider possible extras you want to integrate into your helmet. More and more MTB riders are looking for helmets ready to install an action camera like a GoPro or a light for night rides, for example. Another issue to consider is the helmet's visor. Analyze how easily this element detaches in the event of a fall. Some helmets have movable visors and others come with fixed visors as standard. An advantage of a removable visor is that, in the event of an accident, it will not be an element that compromises your safety, since it will detach at the slightest impact.

Helmet for XC, enduro, trail and all-mountain bikes

If your specialty is closer to cross country (XC), we have already mentioned that a lightweight road helmet can be perfect. Comfort and ventilation are important issues because it is normal for routes to be long. And if you do marathons, even more so. These helmets usually come with a small visor that you can easily attach when venturing onto tracks and trails. If you are already getting into enduro, you will look for more protection. The same applies to disciplines such as trail and all-mountain. The discipline itself requires it, as the risk and speed increase. You should look for a helmet with extra safety. 2019/10/endurocasco.jpg"> As a starting point, we are talking about mixed helmets , those situated halfway between conventional helmets and those offering maximum protection. They feature a lower and reinforced occipital protection (nape) compared to the former. They are more compact and have fewer vents than a helmet focused on XC, and include a longer, adjustable visor.

In this segment there are also different safety levels, as the protection can extend to the temporal area of the skull (temples), leaving a small opening for the ear. In this discipline, you must ride with all your senses alert. As for the price, for €80-90 you can already access models with good features. The more risk and speed you add to your rides, the more radical your helmet should be. In this way, we would enter the world of full-face helmets or full face.

Full-face helmets represent a huge leap in safety, at the cost of more weight and less ventilation.

Some of these helmets, especially in their less extreme versions, feature removable chin guards (jaw protectors). This way, you can turn your enduro helmet into a lighter helmet. It's very useful when you go through uphill sections and need extra ventilation. In a way, it allows you to have two helmets in one: one for climbing and another for descending. They are known as hybrid or modular helmets. Another advantage is that some models come with a replaceable chin guard. You can purchase this part separately in case you have an accident, which saves you money. This is something to keep in mind, as these are rather expensive helmets, with good options starting at around €150.

Downhill bike helmet

If you're into launching yourself down slopes, your ideal option is a full-face helmet. It is designed to protect your head and face. Unlike other models focused on enduro, the chin guard is not removable. In short, these are helmets with maximum safety. They are helmets that closely resemble motocross helmets, but are much lighter and obviously not certified for that discipline.

If you're thinking about testing your skills in a bike park, a full-face helmet will be mandatory.

100% full-face helmets are robust and offer almost total protection. They barely have any ventilation channels and it may take some getting used to them. Let's say they are not the most comfortable in the world, but they are the safest. For about €70-80 you can get a reliable one. Some models do not allow the same adjustment in perimeter and height as helmets from other disciplines. That's why they have internal padding designed to fulfill this adjustment function.

In general, they come with various foam densities . They can be combined for a better fit and are usually made to be resistant to bacteria and bad odors. A chin strap will help you achieve an optimal fit. Finally, an adjustable-height visor will allow you to store your glasses when you’re not using them. Can you use this type of helmet in less extreme disciplines? Yes, but in that case you should look for a full-face helmet specifically for enduro, which usually has more ventilation openings. In fact, the use of full-face helmets in enduro is a clearly growing trend. In conclusion, regardless of taste and budget, wear a helmet in any circumstance. The worst falls lurk where you least expect them.