The proper functioning of disc brakes depends on the good condition of the brake pads. A fundamental part of the system that wears out and must be replaced periodically. We recommend that you get to know the types of pads available on the market, their composition and materials, their maintenance... All of these are necessary issues to guarantee perfect performance.
Brake pads: what they are and their function
The pads are small pieces made of metal or organic compounds that are installed inside the brake caliper, one on each side of the disc. They are held in place with a small metal bracket. The pads serve as a friction element between the brake caliper and the surface of the disc. They allow for powerful, progressive braking without locking up. A pad consists of three clearly differentiated parts:
-
Support. This is the metal part, which can be made of steel, aluminum, titanium, or ceramic material (the latter dissipates heat from the compound better). It serves as a base for attaching the compound.
-
Compound. This is the part that, pressed by the pistons of the brake caliper, touches the surface of the disc to reduce or stop the movement of the wheel. It is a sheet of millimeter thickness, whose material determines the nature of the braking (more modulated or abrupt) and the wear of the pad itself.
- Spring or clip. This is a small metal piece that joins the pair of pads on either side of the disc. It keeps them separated inside the caliper and makes it easier to remove them to check their wear or replace them with new ones.
In addition, there are specific models with metal fins, generally made of aluminum. These inserts prevent the pads from overheating, ensuring that braking efficiency is not lost after intense use.
What are pads made of? Types of compounds
There is no universal standard regarding the composition of pads. Brake brands (Shimano, SRAM, Campagnolo, Magura, Hayes, etc.) offer them in various materials, which enhance certain braking properties or delay pad wear due to friction. We can classify cycling disc brake pads according to their durability:
Short duration / organic
They are made with organic compounds, such as graphite or aramid, and other inorganic ones (carbon or fiberglass), although they are generally known as organic or resin pads. Their surface is soft and low density, which provides powerful and modulated braking, and they are also quite quiet. However, they wear out faster than pads made from other materials. They are the most economical.
Long duration / metallic
Better known as metallic or sintered pads. Their manufacture uses metals such as copper, zinc, or iron, which are compacted by heat. The result is a denser, harder pad that better withstands high temperatures. Their wear is lower and they last longer. On the other hand, braking is not as precise and progressive as with organic pads.
Semi-metallic
Organic and metallic: these are the main categories that identify the pads available on the market. But there are specific models that combine elements and materials from both. The goal is to obtain mixed pads for changing situations.
📺 In this video you have good information about brake pads.
Frequently asked questions about brake pads
Since it is a bicycle part that needs regular replacement, it is common for questions to arise about their replacement, wear, maintenance, etc.
How long does a brake pad last?
Bicycle disc brake pads have an approximate lifespan of 6 to 12 months. But it all depends on the cyclist's use and the bike's setup. The type of brake, the pad material, more or less frequent brake use, etc., will all have an influence.
How often should you change the brake pads?
If you ride frequently, we recommend an annual check of your bike's brakes. You can take the opportunity to change the pads. In demanding cycling disciplines, such as MTB
in its different forms, the replacement interval should be shortened to six months. Especially if you're into Enduro
or Downhill
.
How do you know if a pad is worn?
Squealing when braking is the clearest sign of a worn or contaminated pad. Loss of feel or power can also indicate wear, which will require a change to avoid damage to the disc surface.
How to check their wear?
You will need to inspect the thickness of the compound and measure it with a ruler or caliper if necessary, first removing the pair of pads. If it is less than 1 mm, or its surface shows uneven wear, it will be necessary to change them.
If the thickness of the compound is less than 1 mm, or the wear is uneven, you should consider changing the pads.
You will need to check both the wear of the pad itself (compound thickness) and the cleanliness of its surface. On the other hand, you must make sure the surface is free of dirt, grease, brake fluid, etc. If so, the pad will be contaminated. If the dirt is not excessive, it can be cleaned with water, alcohol, and gentle sanding. Let's say replacement is not mandatory, but it is recommended.
How much do they cost?
The pads for disc brakes
they are not expensive compared to other bicycle components. From 10 euros you can get a pair per brake, which you can replace at home. If you choose to go to a specialized workshop, the replacement may cost you around 40 euros.
How to keep them in good condition?
A few simple tips on use and maintenance will allow you to prolong the life of your brake pads. Anticipate curves and obstacles to brake at the right moment. Stop pedaling with enough time in advance, and then just lightly squeeze the brake. Avoid skidding or braking too late. You can extend the life of the pads by avoiding sudden braking and by frequently cleaning the calipers. On the other hand, it is advisable to clean the brake calipers once a month, or after a ride in rain, mud, or a lot of dust. To do this, first remove the pads and clean the inside with water and soap, or with a specific brake cleaner. Dry thoroughly with a cloth and then lubricate the pistons with the same mineral oil or hydraulic fluid that they use.
What type of pads to choose?
Should I buy organic pads? Are metallic pads better? This is a common question for many cyclists. To make the choice easier, you should consider how you use the brakes, depending on your style and the terrain you ride on. For example: if you like climbing and descending mountain passes and do long road rides, metallic pads will be more suitable than organic ones, due to their durability and resistance to overheating. For flatter or shorter rides, organic pads will provide good braking and wear will be less noticeable. Something similar applies to MTB. Organic pads are more suitable for short rides or rolling courses, such as in cross country
. Metallic pads, on the other hand, are typical for more extreme disciplines, such as Enduro.
In any case, it is more of a trend than a rule. If you brake a lot, installing metallic pads on your XC bike can be a very wise decision. Lastly, and no less important, don't forget the compatibility of the pads with your brake model. Here the shape and size of the pad come into play. For example: on an MTB, or on an electric bicycle
, four-piston calipers will require a specific pad with a larger surface area. On road bikes
, and even on XC, the pads are somewhat more compact.