Cyclists, along with pedestrians, are the most vulnerable users on public roads. However, this does not mean they are exempt from following traffic rules. In fact, the General Traffic Regulations establish a series of rules that cyclists must comply with both in the city and on the road to ensure their safety and that of other users. Failing to comply not only poses a risk but can also result in significant fines. Below, we explain the most important rules and the most common penalties.

Traffic rules for cyclists in the city

When you ride in the city, it is crucial to pay attention to signs, intersections, and traffic lights. Here are some basic rules you must follow:

1. Riding on the sidewalk is prohibited

One of the most common mistakes among urban cyclists is riding on the sidewalk, which is prohibited. The general rule is that you must ride on the right side of the roadway. Only in exceptional cases, such as when there is no bike lane and local ordinances allow it, can you use the sidewalk. In cities like Madrid, you can only ride on the sidewalk if it is part of a cycling route or in authorized sections. Riding on the sidewalk outside of these cases can cost you a €200 fine.

2. Obligation to use the bike lane

When a bike lane is available, you must use it, according to Article 36 of the General Vehicle Regulations. However, some cities allow exceptions, so it is advisable to check local ordinances. If you do not use the bike lane when it is mandatory, the fine amounts to €200.

Check out our urban bicycles if you get around the city by bike and need to equip yourself properly.

3. Cross the pedestrian crossing on foot

Another very common rule is that if you are going to cross a pedestrian crossing, you must get off the bike and cross on foot. Although some cities like Valencia or Seville allow you to cross while riding in certain cases, the general rule is to do it walking. If you do not respect this rule, the fine is €200.

4. Signal your turns

When you are going to turn, you must indicate the direction with your arm, either to the right or to the left. Failing to signal a maneuver can result in a €200 fine, the same penalty as for other vehicles such as cars or motorcycles.

Traffic rules for cyclists on the road

On the road, traffic rules for cyclists are slightly different from those in the city. These are some of the most important:

5. Ride on the shoulder

If you pedal on the road and there is no bike lane, you must use the right shoulder. If it is in poor condition or too narrow, you can ride in the right lane, but always as close to the right as possible. The fine for not complying with this rule is €200.

6. Mandatory helmet use

Although wearing a helmet is not mandatory in the city for those over 16 years old (although it is recommended), it is mandatory on the road for all cyclists. The helmet must be approved and in good condition. Not wearing a helmet can result in a €200 fine.

7. Riding in parallel

When riding in a group on the road, you can ride in parallel, but only in rows of two cyclists. In situations of low visibility, such as tight curves or fog, you must ride in single file. The penalty for breaking this rule is €100.

Here you can find 👉 Tips for getting started in road cycling

Other important rules and common fines

In addition to the mentioned rules, there are other regulations that cyclists must follow in the city and on the road to avoid penalties and ensure their safety:

8. Using a mobile phone is prohibited

While cycling, it is forbidden to use your mobile phone or wear headphones, as this can distract you and make it harder to pay attention to signals or your surroundings.

9. Alcohol and drugs: same rules as for drivers

Cyclists must meet the same blood alcohol limits as drivers of other vehicles (0.25 mg/l). Exceeding this limit or testing positive for drugs carries fines ranging from €500 to €1,000, although it will not affect your license points.

10. Lighting and reflective elements

If you ride at night or in low visibility conditions, it is mandatory to have front and rear lights, as well as a reflective vest. Failure to do so can result in a fine of up to €100.

Visit our section of bike accessories to stay visible and safe at all times.